As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to disrupt our lives in unimagined ways, families are reinventing daily rituals, and this is likely true for musical rituals. This study explored how parents with young children used recorded music in their everyday lives during the pandemic. Mothers of child aged 18 months to 5 years living in the United States played the role of home DJ over a period of one week by strategically crafting the sonic home environment, based on resources provided by (...) the authors, in response to their children’s mood and state. Using a newly developed data collection tool, inspired by the Experience Sampling Method, a total of 197 episodes were collected about children’s engagement with recorded music. Findings showed that while mothers utilized music to fulfill various emotional needs, they tended to use it to maintain or reinforce their child’s positive mood rather than to improve a negative mood. Also, mothers’ reports suggested various ways that young children engaged with music, being aligned with the multimodal nature of their musical experiences. Lastly, mothers reported that their strategic approaches to use recorded music seemed to help their children feel less distressed and happier, and this, in turn, aided in the reduction of some of the burdens associated with parenting. (shrink)

This book examines four main areas of music in early childhood: the traditions of music for young children, their capacities for music, the way they make music with others, and constructed and mediated musical childhoods. It studies several themes in detail, including music making in the home and family life, various musical experiences in schools, day cares, and the community at large in several locations around the globe. It looks at technology and diverse musical repertoires, as well as innovative pedagogies, (...) children’s agency, and brain research. Expanding on the knowledge bases on which early childhood music education typically draws, the book brings together contributions from a range of authors from diverse fields such as education, psychology, sociology, cultural studies, anthropology, philosophy, ethnomusicology, and the neurosciences. The end result is a volume that offers a broad and contemporary picture of music in early childhood. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Children’s Home Musical Experiences Across the World ed. by Beatriz Ilari, Susan YoungAmy Christine BeegleBeatriz Ilari and Susan Young, eds., Children’s Home Musical Experiences Across the World (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2016)Historically, most studies of children’s musical learning have been informed by stage theories of developmental psychology and focused on school music or private instrumental lesson contexts. Over the past few decades, scholars have (...) conducted research that increasingly explores children’s involvement with music in contexts outside of formal learning settings, utilizing methods and models from ethnomusicology, sociology, social psychology, and/or cultural psychology. Nine individually authored chapters in the volume, Children’s Home Musical Experiences Across the World, edited by Beatriz Ilari and Susan Young, convey results, applications, and extensions of one such project that reaches beyond the conventional ethnographic music education study.The bulk of this collection contains findings and interpretations from a collaborative project called MyPlace, MyMusic, followed by several additional chapters that provide descriptions and narratives from subsequent related projects. The original project included fourteen scholars from the International Society of Music Education-Early Childhood Commission, who conducted in-home observations and interviews with parents and children in order to examine the nature of, influences on, and meaning of musical activities that took place in the homes of middle-class seven-year-olds in diverse locations, including Brazil, Denmark, [End Page 105] Greece, Israel, Kenya, the Netherlands, Singapore, Spain, South Africa, Taiwan, the U.K., and the United States.Importantly, the project’s designers attempted to avoid complications of transcultural developments by asking each researcher to select children whose families had not recently migrated to their country/locality. The seventeen participating children from twelve countries were also of the same ethnicity and lived in the same “locality” as each researcher in order to ease communication during in-home observations and interviews. Results shed light on issues of children’s family life, schooling, identity, gender, and social class.This project presents a unique contribution to the field of music education in a number of ways. First, most previous studies of music in the homes of children have centered around preschoolers, toddlers, and infants, whereas the present project focuses on seven-year-old children, whose age places them on the cusp of crossing from early to middle childhood. Second, most previous music education researchers have considered issues of social class, ethnicity, and race as independent variables, but the methodology for this project calls for observation and description of each child in his or her home first, followed by comparison of the “cases” to each other. Third, the researchers utilize a Wiki platform to share and collaboratively interpret data collected from home lives of children (photographs, video and audio recordings, texts, and pdf files) among researchers from different countries.The volume is organized into three major sections. Susan Young and Jèssica Pérez-Moreno set the scene in the first two chapters by describing the theoretical underpinnings and methodology for the MyPlace, MyMusic project. The second section of the book includes four chapters in which several individual researchers interpret the project’s data based upon the themes of children’s private musical worlds; belonging/identity/gendered meanings of children’s music making; perspectives and influences of parents; and the role of social class on children’s musical lives. The last three chapters of the book provide detailed descriptions of projects and extensions that developed after the MyPlace, MyMusic project.Following the introductory chapter, in which Ilari and Young explain the background, rationale, goals, and methods of the MyPlace, MyMusic project and provide a reader-friendly table that presents the cultural background and “sources of musical stimulation in the home” for each participating child,1 Susan Young outlines the theoretical and analytical frameworks for the project in the first chapter. Rather than viewing children’s learning as developing and socializing into adulthood, the project researchers were encouraged to look at children as being instead of becoming, as subjects, rather than objects of research, and as having opportunities for agency that are contextual. This theoretical framework stems from the field of Childhood Studies (as cultivated in Scandinavia [End Page 106] and... (shrink)

Charles Taylor es uno de los hermeneutas más destacados de los últimos años. Entre sus temas centrales se cuenta la superación del naturalismo, del procedimentalismo, y del externalismo en ética. Sus análisis combinan, de manera tan laboriosa como proteica, aspectos históricos y analíticos. En este trabajo intento una reflexión sobre algunos ejes temáticos de una de sus grandes obras: Las fuentes del yo (1989). Sobrevuelo conceptos-clave como evaluación fuerte, argumento ad hominem, articulación, y la centralidad del lenguaje poético/retórico en el (...) campo de la ética. La tesis a la que apunto, desarrollada en el último y más largo de los apartados, es que solo el modus discursivo poético/retórico es capaz de liberar la fuerza moral y espiritual de los bienes constitutivos. Sin esa liberación, sin esa convergencia de energética y hermenéutica, los bienes morales están llamados a secarse, alienarse y, en el extremo, desaparecer. (shrink)

Resumen: Albert Camus ha sido un protagonista central de la cultura mundial durante buena parte del siglo XX. Su obra polifónica conjuga problemas metafísicos, antropológicos y políticos. En este trabajo nos detendremos en las “imágenes” que inquietan el alma del escritor y que, por lo tanto, estructuran toda su obra. La mirada tierna y perdida de su madre, el niño que muere en las calles de Argel, el piano de madera que aviva la triste jornada en el campo de concentración (...) son solo algunas de las escenas que transitan la gran obra. Nuestra tesis es que ellas no sólo modulan la sensibilidad del gran escritor, sino que dan estructura y motivación a sus categorías filosóficas fundamentales: absurdo y rebelión. Abstract: Albert Camus has been a central figure in world culture for much of the 20th century. His polyphonic work combines metaphysical, anthropological and political problems. In this work we dwell on the "images" that disturb the soul of the writer and that, therefore, structure all his work. The tender and lost look of his mother, the child who dies in the streets of Algiers, the wooden piano that enlivens the sad day in the concentration camp are just some of the scenes that go through the great work. Our thesis is that they not only modulate the sensitivity of the great writer, but also give structure and motivation to his fundamental philosophical categories: absurdity and rebellion. (shrink)

Del Ser a la Palabra es una recopilación de artículos que transitan unos cuarenta años de reflexión filosófica. El eje temático es la experiencia estética, su urgencia, su densidad y relevancia para la existencia. En este trabajo me arriesgo a analizar algunos de los conceptos centrales del texto. Desde luego, muchos quedarán de lado. El recorrido comienza con un sobrevuelo del concepto husserliano de Lebenswelt, y culmina con un análisis de la catarsis (su relación con la retórica y la hermenéutica). (...) En el medio me detendré, brevemente, en el aspecto de nuestra existencia que torna necesaria a la experiencia estética. En otras palabras, la experiencia estética viene a colmar una carencia estructural del hombre, por lo que conviene articular (hacer sentir) dicha carencia. Luego de una breve estadía en la idea del arte como recuperación y retorno, me vuelco a dos de las nociones sobre las que Presas insiste: la mímesis y la catarsis. De la primera destaco dos cosas: el efecto que tiene sobre la temporalidad, y la rehabilitación del poder de la aisthesis. Con respecto a la catarsis, la pongo en relación con la noción retórica del flectere y con la noción jurídica y teológica de applicatio. (shrink)

La hermenéutica ha reivindicado un concepto especial de comprensión. El concepto de aplicación - apropiación es la cifra de ese especial modo de comprender. Si “comprender es aplicar” (Gadamer), es porque la aplicación es el remedio contra una extrañeza, una distancia, una lejanía que tiene aspectos gnoseológicos y existenciales. En este trabajo, rastreo y analizo las raíces del concepto hermenéutico de aplicación haciendo hincapié en su aspecto práctico existencial. Lo que nos enseña la categoría de aplicación es que el criterio (...) mismo de la comprensión, al menos para ciertas expresiones (y ciertos textos) es el efecto que causa en nuestra forma de ver el mundo (o una porción de él). Conceptos como “salvación” (raíz religiosa), “disposición afectiva y cognitiva” (raíz ética), “persuasión” (raíz retórica), y “catarsis” (raíz estética) dejan ver la necesidad del sujeto de apropiarse de un saber que modificará su modo de ver el mundo, su modo de estar en él. (shrink)

Este trabajo se enmarca dentro de las innumerables vindicaciones de la poesía. Comienza con el desarrollo de las cuatro características del “lenguaje poético” en tanto “lenguaje denso”. La figuratividad o metaforicidad, su alusividad, la identidad forma-contenido y el realismo poético. En el segundo apartado se analizan estas características a la luz de las categorías de “significatividad” y de “interpretante”. La ontología heideggeriana y la semiótica peirceana enriquecen el concepto de lenguaje denso y aclaran su poder epistémico. Finalmente, analizo algunos aspectos (...) que Nietzsche, en su período retórico, elabora sobre el lenguaje, y que prefiguran y amplían la noción de lenguaje denso. Me centro allí en la idea que todo lenguaje es, en su origen, retórica, y en el modo en que el proceso comunicativo atenta contra dicho origen. Me interesan, en particular, las nociones de “fijación”, “olvido” y “restauración”. (shrink)

Resumen En este trabajo analizo algunos de los argumentos clásicos que la tradición retórica contrapone al discurso filosófico. Para ello, comienzo sobrevolando las características que definen al discurso filosófico de filiación platónico-cartesiana, y que son relevantes para la querella con la retórica. Luego intento elaborar un ataque en dos frentes. Por un lado, me detengo en la rehabilitación de la doxa como elemento vital del discurso práctico, en contra de la depreciación a que se ve sometida bajo el enfoque universalista (...) de la filosofía. Luego, tomando como base la noción de sentido común, analizo la idea de "auditorio", esencial para la retórica, y la consiguiente pluralidad de esferas de validez que conlleva. Dicha pluralidad horizontal contrasta con el monismo verticalista del discurso filosófico. Finalmente, en la conclusión dejo abierto uno de los problemas más urgentes de este movimiento pluralista que propone la retórica.In this paper I analyze some classical arguments used by rhetorical tradition to oppose philosophical discourse. To do this, I give a brief account of the characteristics defining the philosophical discourse of Platonic-Cartesian affiliation that are relevant for the dispute with Rhetoric. Then, on the one hand, I dwell upon the rehabilitation of doxa as a vital element of practical discourse in order to countering the downgrading of doxa by the universalistic approach of philosophy. On the other hand, based on the notion of common sense, I analyze the idea of "audience", essential for Rhetoric, as well as the resulting plurality of spheres of validity. This horizontal plurality contrasts with the vertical monism of philosophical discourse. Finally, in the conclusion I point out one of the most urgent problems of this pluralistic movement that rhetoric has proposed. (shrink)

La hermenéutica ha sido uno de los movimientos filosóficos más importantes en los últimos años. Sin embargo, la heterogeneidad de sus seguidores torna dificultoso establecer una unidad temática en la hermenéutica contemporánea. Ricoeur fue uno de los representantes más destacados de esta línea filosófica. En este trabajo quiero mostrar el posicionamiento de Ricoeur en la hermenéutica contemporánea. Centraré mi análisis en el intento de combinar el descubrimiento de nuestra "pertenencia" con nuestra constitutiva "distanciación" de esta pertenencia. Ricoeur encuentra la relación (...) dialéctica entre "pertenencia - distanciación" en el concepto fenomenológico de Lebenswelt. El "mundo de la vida" tiene un momento ontológico y un momento epistemológico. Desde aquí, coloco la hermenéutica ricoeuriana en el corazón del debate hermenéutico contemporáneo, mostrando su originalidad. The hermeneutics has been one of the most important philosophical movements in the last years. However, the heterogeneity of his followers makes it difficult to establish a unit in the contemporary hermeneutics. Ricoeur was one of the most important representatives of this philosophical line. In this paper I want to show how Ricoeur positioned himself in the contemporany hermeneutics. I focus my analysis in his attempt to combine the discovery of our "belonging" with our constitutive "distancing" of this belonging. Ricoeur found the "dialectical" relation between belonging-distanciation in the phenomenological concept: Lebenswelt. The "world of life" has an ontological and epistemological moment. From here, I place the ricoeurian hermeneutics in the core of the contemporary debate in hermeneutics: showing his originality. (shrink)

El pensamiento filosófico ha encontrado en el problema del mal un difícil y provocativo desafío. Cuando el mal aparece, el pensamiento llega a sus límites. El siglo veinte ha sido testigo del horror. El pensamiento necesita reconciliarse con un mundo en el que el horror ha sucedido. Hannah Arendt fue una de las intelectuales más importantes que enfatizó la relación entre comprensión y reconciliación. Para ella, la consecuencia inherente de la comprensión es la reconciliación. En este trabajo analizo el alcance (...) de su argumento. Intento conectar la mirada arendtiana con otros autores que confrontan con su perspectiva. (shrink)

Heidegger foi um dos pensadores mais influentes do século pasado. Muitas de suas contribuições conceituais têm sido aplicadas tanto às ciências humanas quanto às naturais. Dasein, ser-no-mundo, facticidade, sentido, cuidado, etc. são familiares a qualquer filósofo. Neste trabalho tento reconstruir duas das noções centrais do jovem Heidegger. Analiso parte do camino que leva o jovem Heidegger às noções nucleares da grande obra de 1927: “significatividade” e “mundo”. Meu interesse é duplo: em primeiro lugar buscar uma clarificação progressiva destes conceitos e, (...) em segundo lugar, exibir a gênese de Ser e Tempo. Anima-me a ideia de que o modo de tratamento destes conceitos nestes anos ilumina grande parte do pensamento heideggeriano e, com ele, do século XX. Palavras-chave: Heidegger. Significatividade. Mundo. (shrink)

La cuestión de la identidad personal ha sido muy discutida durante los últimos años. La atención puesta sobre este problema es una clara evidencia de la relevancia que tiene, entre otros, para el ámbito práctico en general. En este horizonte, Habermas y Tugendhat han sostenido una larga e interesante polémica sobre el concepto de identidad personal, polémica no siempre bien dimensionada. Esta querella ha servido para clarificar las diferentes variables que ingresan en esta problemática. En este trabajo analizaré críticamente cada (...) una de las posturas con la finalidad de advertir el corazón argumental, buscar elementos en común y subrayar las insalvables diferencias. (shrink)

Mencius 孟子 is famous for arguing that human nature is good. In this article, I offer a reading of Mencius’ argument which can be evaluated in terms of empirical psychology. In this reading, Mencius’ argument begins with three claims: humans naturally have prosocial inclinations, prosocial inclinations can be cultivated into mature forms of virtue, and the growth of prosocial inclinations is more natural than the growth of their alternatives. I also argue that each of these claims is well supported by (...) empirical psychology. The relevant studies demonstrate, for example, that humans’ prosocial inclinations are not merely products of social conditioning or egoistic concerns; that prosocial inclinations can be cultivated by environmental factors and personal effort; that humans—even preverbal infants—have a natural inclination to prefer prosociality over its alternatives; and that growth in prosociality is positively associated with human health. Finally, I suggest we interpret Mencius’ expression “human nature is good” as a rhetorical tool to capture the totality of such empirically minded claims. (shrink)

El problema de la libertad es uno de los más áridos de la filosofía. Paul Ricoeur intenta reconstruir el problema tomando el eje del análisis: la naturaleza dicotómica de los discursos sostenidos sobre la cuestión. De un lado, tenemos la “perspectiva de la tercera persona”. Desde esta mirada, cada acto que realizamos está causalmente determinada. Por el otro lado, tenemos la “perspectiva de la tercera persona”, en la que todas nuestras acciones libres parecieran brotar del “yo”. El problema comienza cuando (...) intentamos reconciliar ambas perspectivas. Este trabajo revisará algunos de los argumentos presentados por ambos lados, y el posicionamiento de Ricoeur en el debate. (shrink)

In recent years the provision of music for young children in its many forms has grown considerably. At the same time, young children’s musical activity remains low on the scholarly hierarchy. This neglect of early childhood music in the various music disciplines relates to wider theoretical and cultural assumptions that lead to a lack of interest in young children and their music. More specifically it relates to the pervasive and persistent belief that because young children have not yet acquired conventional (...) musical skills, their musical activity is not worthy of serious academic attention. (shrink)

In the context of agricultural activity intensification and rural abandonment, neo-rurality has emerged as a back-to-the-land migratory movement led by urban populations seeking alternative ways of life close to nature. Although the initiatives of the new peasantry are diverse, most are land related, such as agriculture and livestock farming. A priori, neorural people undertake agri-food system activities in ways that differ from the conventional model, following the principles of environmental and social sustainability. We conducted a systematic review of the literature (...) on the neo-rural phenomenon with the main objective of examining how neo-rurality has been found to support agroecological transitions. The corpus of neo-rural studies was analyzed from a social-ecological perspective, and a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) was conducted to determine whether neo-rural agri-food system activities follow agroecological principles. The results indicate that neo-rural studies is an emerging research field that has received considerable attention in western countries. Diverse conceptualizations and terms have been used to address the phenomenon, but the literature agrees on political and environmental motivations and several barriers faced by neo-rural people. This population and in particular new peasants, are employing a wide variety of agroecological practices and strategies throughout the agri-food system. Overall, neo-rural people have been reported to contribute significantly to agroecological transition. (shrink)

New technologies could facilitate new ways of cheating. This emerging scenario places academic integrity policy in higher education institutions as critical. Academic integrity scholars have designed conceptual frameworks to analyze academic integrity policy. The body of the literature on academic integrity policy analysis includes studies developed in North America, Europe, and Australia. However, insight into several regions of the world is lacking. This pioneering study in the Chilean context analyzes documents addressing academic integrity at forty-three accredited universities. Using a qualitative (...) research design, we framed this policy analysis in the five core elements of exemplary academic integrity policy: access, approach, responsibility, detail, and support. The findings revealed challenges with accessing documents online, a strong presence of legal language that might not be understandable to all students, and a scarcity of information about review cycles. The punitive approach was prevalent, with a significant focus on students’ conduct. Signs of collaboration and mechanisms for promoting academic integrity cultures were nearly absent. The documents primarily targeted students and the roles of other stakeholders concentrated on the enforcement of sanctions and misconduct investigations. The analysis also showed the use of general definitions to describe academic integrity breaches, inconsistency across the system in defining plagiarism and a lack of guidance to address contract cheating and unauthorized use of generative artificial intelligence. The findings also highlighted the unavailability of institutional support to teach, learn, and research with integrity or references to research-based practices. We propose twelve practical recommendations for policymakers and academic integrity advocates. (shrink)

An accessible analysis of the global expansion of financial markets in poor communities, incorporating the latest thinking and evidence.

This study aims to examine the position of medicine within the context of Plato's dialogue Philebus, focusing, on one hand, on the critique the philosopher makes of medicine as a practice and craft governed by specific norms and procedures, and, on the other, on the skillful way in which he draws upon certain medical theories, adapting them to serve his own purposes. The first part of the analysis seeks to understand the reasons behind Plato’s critique of medicine in the Philebus, (...) especially in passage 56b1, where he includes it among the activities that involve “much imprecision and little certainty.” This critique, as will be demonstrated, is closely related to the method of medicine. In this sense, it is important to highlight that, in criticizing medicine, Plato does not seek to establish a rivalry between philosophy and medical practice, but rather to question medicine’s claim to sometimes present itself as the best and only modus vivendi. The second part of the study focuses on analyzing the influence of medicine on Plato’s theory of pleasure, particularly regarding the concept of pleasure as a process of fulfillment. To this end, Hippocratic texts such as On Diseases IV, On the Nature of Man, and On Ancient Medicine are consulted. Finally, through a comparison of recurring key terms, similarities and differences between the medical conception and Plato’s conception of pleasure are highlighted. -/- Keywords: Hippocratic Corpus. Philebus. Disintegration. Pleasure. Method. (shrink)

There are severe concerns over the widespread presence of fake news on social media and the vulnerability of citizens to its influence. Prior research on fake news has largely focused on the potential threat it poses to democracy, and has payed less attention to an opposing behavior that has emerged in parallel and mitigates its effects: citizens’ corrective actions. This study seeks to examine the sociopolitical antecedents that drive citizens to correct fake news on social media. Drawing on panel survey (...) data from Spain (T2 = 570), we explore the role that using social media for news, cross-cutting political discussion, and support for fake news censorship have on intention to correct misinformation on social media. Our findings clarify the positive associations between the use of social media for news, the frequency of cross-cutting discussion, and support for fake news censorship over the intention to correct misinformation. Briefly, our study shows how social media’s mix of news, misinformation and political disagreement can motivate users to undertake pro-social democratic behaviors like corrective actions. (shrink)

This article deals with the formation of both queer movements and theories, with the relations that they entertain with feminisms and the political uses to which they put Foucault and Deleuze. It also explores the theoretical and political advantages provided by the concept of « multitudes » over that of « sexual difference »for queer theory and movements. In contrast to the American scene, queer movements in Europe are inspired by anarchist culture and the emergence of transgendered cultures to counter (...) the « sexual Empire », notably by proposing a de-ontologisation of identity politics. No more natural base which can legitimise political action. The emphasis is no longer on « sexual difference » or « the difference of homosexuals », but on queer multitudes. A multitude of bodies, transgendered bodies, men without penises, dykes, cyborgs, butch girls... The « sexual multitude » appears henceforth as the possible subject of a queer politics. (shrink)

The impact of contextual influences on human resource management and management more generally has been the focus of much scholarly interest. However, we still know very little about how context impacts on the practice of ethical HRM specifically. Therefore, drawing on 59 in-depth interviews with HR practitioners in Brazil, Colombia and the UK, this paper theorizes how they perceive the ethical dimensions of their roles within their respective national contexts and how the way they act in relation to them is (...) informed, shaped and directed by the institutional context. In doing so it provides an important insight into three key themes: first, the views of HRM practitioners and managers about ethical HRM and how they articulate what it means to be ethical; second, how they respond to perceived ethical dilemmas; and third, how their responses are influenced by institutional forces and associated beliefs, values and scripts. In addition to providing an ‘emic’ perspective of this increasingly important topic and theorizing the experience and practice of ethical HRM, the paper answers calls for more international comparisons of ethical HRM practice in contemporary organizations. (shrink)

Ao pensar as condições de adequação para a responsabilização moral, Michelle Ciurria não discute se o agente tem controle da ação. Ela propõe que a vítima seja trazida para o centro da discussão e questiona até mesmo a ideia de que a ignorância moral do agente impede a atribuição de culpa em alguns casos. Esse desafio à condição epistêmica pode dar origem a objeções. Por isso, proponho explicar por que essa condição não é importante se levarmos a proposta de Ciurria (...) a sério, e como a influência dos esquemas de gênero na sensação de agência ajuda a mostrar isso. (shrink)

This study explores the ethical implications of social media advertising, particularly its portrayals of physical appearance and body worship. Employing a qualitative approach, our aim is to deepen understanding of user concerns and perceptions regarding these advertising strategies. We conducted 12 focus groups comprising 80 participants for coding analysis. Our findings reveal users’ adaptability in recognizing advertising content, while also highlighting pervasive skepticism and societal pressures, particularly regarding societal expectations related to body image. Moreover, our research identifies a striking lack (...) of awareness among users of advertising regulations. These results underscore the critical need for innovative approaches that prioritize honesty and transparency in social media advertising, particularly concerning respecting individual autonomy over one’s body and encouraging healthy commercial practices. (shrink)

Aspásia de Mileto (470?-400?) é uma figura cuja história nos é nebulosa e ao mesmo tempo muito clara. Nebulosa pois, como sugere Marta Andrade (2022, p. 24), trata-se de uma existência, como muitas outras, cuja memória a posteridade raramente se ocupou ou simplesmente esqueceu. Mas também clara pois Aspásia possui uma persona constituída no que chamamos de "tradição". A amante de Péricles. A professora de Sócrates. A esposa de Lísicles. Sua figura é frequentemente resgatada à sombra das figuras masculinas com (...) as quais se envolveu. Em grande medida porque as fontes que a resgatam trazem seu nome à margem, mas também em parte devido a uma postura metodológica que, por vezes, ignora nomes de mulheres. Neste artigo, viso recorrer às fontes para trazer à tona o protagonismo de Aspásia no que tange à educação e seu pioneirismo no pensamento retórico. Na primeira seção, desenvolverei uma breve biografia de Aspásia, sua possível influência política e suas habilidades pedagógicas. Na segunda seção, tratarei especialmente de suas contribuições para a retórica, abordando o discurso atribuído a si no Menêxeno de Platão e a Oração Fúnebre atribuída a Péricles por Tucídides. Por fim, na conclusão, diante das teses desenvolvidas, chegaremos a uma imagem mais digna de Aspásia, vislumbrando o retrato de uma mulher que dirige um elogio à coragem e cuja opinião incide diretamente em seu corpo social e político. Desse modo, compreenderemos melhor seus avanços nos âmbitos pedagógicos e retóricos, tidos como cruciais para o desenvolvimento dos cidadãos gregos. (shrink)

In his Lectures on Fine Art (1835), Hegel emphasizes the grotesque character of Indian art. Grotesqueness results, in his view, from a contradiction between meaning and shape due to the incongruous combination of spiritual and material elements. Since Hegel's history of art is teeming with examples of inadequacy between meaning and shape, this paper aims to distinguish the grotesque from other types of artistic dissonance and to problematize Hegel's ascriptions of grotesqueness to ancient Indian art. In the first part of (...) the paper, I characterize the grotesque by the unnatural distortion of natural shapes with the purpose of achieving a direct sensuous manifestation of an indeterminate and impersonal divinity, Brahman. Such an attempt is, in Hegel's view, self-contradictory and self-defeating, leading to an exaggeration of the conflict between nature and spirit instead of the intended reconciliation between the two parts. In the second part of the paper, I compare Hegel's account of Indian art to the ‘monstrous myths’ of early modern Europe. Unlike his predecessors, Hegel legitimizes the grotesque representations of Hindu gods as endowed with profound meaning and the result of a universal human need, yet he describes them as ultimately irrational and repulsive based on a prejudiced view of the Indian people(s). In this sense, Hegel's assessment of Indian art functions as a reflection of modern European culture, its fascination and horror in the face of what Enlightenment could not entirely purge, rather than as a truthful and objective account of Indian art and culture. By questioning Hegel's characterization of Hindu iconography and mythology, this paper contributes to underexplored areas of Hegelian aesthetics, namely Hegel's account of symbolic art, especially Indian art, as well as his views on negative aesthetic experiences and values. (shrink)

This article aims to determine to what extent photographic practices in psychology, psychiatry and physiology contributed to the definition of the external bodily signs of passions and emotions in the second half of the 19th century in France. Bridging the gap between recent research in the history of emotions and photographic history, the following analyses focus on the photographic production of scientists and photographers who made significant contributions to the study of expressions and gestures, namely Duchenne de Boulogne, Charles Darwin, (...) Paul Richer and Albert Londe. This article argues that photography became a key technology in their works due to the adequateness of the exposure time of different cameras to the duration of the bodily manifestations to be recorded, and that these uses constituted facial expressions and bodily gestures as particular objects for the scientific study. (shrink)

O presente estudo tem por objetivo discutir a recepção do platonismo na produção lírica de Raul de Leoni (1895-1926). Atualmente, o nome de Leoni é majoritariamente ausente da matriz curricular do ensino de poesia brasileira; sua figura foi praticamente esquecida nos círculos acadêmicos. Não obstante essa lacuna, seu único livro publicado, intitulado Luz mediterrânea (1922), gozou de grande reconhecimento e prestígio entre poetas e críticos do período, dentre eles Alceu Amoroso Lima, Ribeiro Couto e Múcio Leão. A fim de melhor (...) explorar sua obra, o artigo se divide em dois momentos: na primeira seção, aborda-se o lugar da poesia de Leoni e suas peculiaridades; enquanto, na segunda seção, analisam-se os elementos clássicos constituintes de sua produção, demonstrando de que modo o poeta faz uso habilidoso de concepções geralmente atribuídas a Platão. Palavras-chave: Raul de Leoni, Poesia brasileira, Estudos Clássicos, Platonismo no Brasil. (shrink)

The text analyzes fatphobia as a systemic oppression rooted in social and economic norms. Fat activism, which emerged in the 1970s in the United States, challenges the medicalization and stigmatization of non-normative bodies. In France, the movement remains limited due to the lack of translations of foundational texts. Three main types of writings dominate: personal narratives, weight-loss guides, and activist critiques. The text criticizes traditional medical and feminist approaches, favoring an intersectional perspective. It highlights the importance of personal testimonies in (...) making this form of discrimination visible. (shrink)

During the Covid-19 pandemic, considerable scholarly attention has been paid to the proliferation of conspiracy theories and their potential impacts. How and why digital media has facilitated the production, consumption, and distribution of such discourses as ‘truth’ remains largely neglected in the literature though. This paper explores this process through a transdisciplinary methodology designed to investigate legitimation in digital spaces. Based on a theoretical bridge between Beetham’s theory of legitimation and KhosraviNik’s principle that visibility-equals-legitimacy, the Multimodal Critical Affect-Discourse Analysis of (...) an audio-visual performance of the 5G conspiracy theory exposes how it has been simultaneously legitimized through authoritative performance and visibility. An interview given by the notorious conspiracy theorist David Icke, in which he associates the pandemic with 5G technology, was used as a case study because it was widely consumed and reproduced as ‘truth’, leading media companies to take unprecedented action against conspiracy theories. Besides contributing to existing debates on conspiracy theories, this paper offers new directions for the critical analysis of legitimation and power, acknowledging the fluid and diffuse nature of power in network societies and illuminating how meanings, beliefs, and affects have been manipulated by multiple actors to achieve consent and motivate collaborative authorship. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal esclarecer a concepção da tradição megárica acerca do conceito de capacidade (δύναμις), tal como apresentada no livro Theta da Metafísica de Aristóteles. A análise se faz necessária devido à falta de atenção aristotélica na formulação da tese adversária dos megáricos, pois em nenhum momento Aristóteles parece nos oferecer argumentos plausíveis que justifiquem de maneira adequada a tese de seus oponentes. Partindo desta dificuldade de reconstrução do argumento megárico e visando lhe oferecer uma maior (...) dignidade, o estudo irá, em primeiro lugar, destrinchar possíveis argumentos que sustentem a tese no contexto da referida obra. Em seguida, irá provar que, mesmo a tese megárica não sendo tão facilmente refutável como uma primeira leitura poderia sugerir, há em sua estrutura problemas graves, que se evidenciam diante da concepção aristotélica da capacidade. (shrink)

Este texto tiene por objetivo invitar a pensar la infancia a partir de la singularidad de M, una niña de siete años, personaje de la novela Kramp, de autoría de la periodista y escritora chilena María José Ferrada. Como ayudante de su padre, un vendedor viajante, la niña recorre las carreteras, pueblos y ciudades, creando y desbravando mundos, conectando lo que hay entre la tierra y el cielo. M instaura la poiesis al encarnar en su infancia la infancia del mundo, (...) ofreciéndonos una experiencia de la abertura del lenguaje y del mundo. Intentando explicar el mecanismo de todas las cosas a partir de lo que la circunda, M se depara también con lo inexplicable en el mundo de las ventas, las relaciones parentales, la violencia radical y silenciosa de la dictadura chilena. Nuestro abordaje de la obra de María José Ferrada surge del diálogo con María Zambrano, Giorgio Agamben, Walter Benjamin, Martin Heidegger, Raquel Gonçalves y Leonardo Souza, entre otros. (shrink)

Este estudo tem por objetivo principal abordar a segunda definição de belo (καλός) oferecida pelo sofista Hípias de Élis no diálogo Hípias Maior de Platão. Após o fracasso da primeira tentativa, de que o belo seria uma bela donzela (Hp. mai. 287e), Sócrates introduz um novo elemento à investigação: a ideia de que é preciso descobrir a forma (εἶδος) que, quando acrescentada (προσγένηται), fará com que um ser surja (φαίνεται) belo (Hp. mai. 289d). Diante dessa nova compreensão, Hípias desenvolve a (...) tese de que o belo é na verdade o ouro (χρυσός), pois o ouro, ao ser acrescido a um objeto, é capaz de torná-lo belo e valioso. A fim de melhor esclarecer essa hipótese, o presente estudo divide-se em um comentário de duas partes: uma primeira, em que se aborda a tese áurica do sofista, suas peculiaridades, motivações e dificuldades preliminares e uma segunda, em que se discute a refutação da tese de Hípias e o problema do conveniente (πρέπων), levantado por Sócrates, tendo como exemplo a escultura de Fídias. -/- Palavras-chave: Platão; beleza; ouro; Hípias de Élis; eidos. (shrink)

É relativamente recente a perspectiva revisionista dos intentos filosóficos de Platão. Apesar disso, a ideia de um filósofo preocupado apenas em construir um edifício sistemático e hermético tem se mostrado cada vez menos sustentável, principalmente quando se observam as diversas fontes que apontam para interesses que não se restringem à filosofia, bem como para o desenvolvimento dos aspectos dramáticos presentes no corpus platônico como um todo. A ideia de que a literatura tem uma influência na obra platônica parece clara e (...) um consenso entre os estudiosos, visto as inúmeras referências que Platão faz, por exemplo, à poesia épica nas figuras de Homero e Hesíodo. Mas pouco parece ter sido dito a respeito do inverso: da influência que Platão poderia ter exercido na literatura posterior. Visando lidar com esse obscurecimento, o presente estudo tem como intento primordial identificar e analisar a possível existência de elementos platônicos em dois romances do período imperial grego, a saber, em Quéreas e Calírroe de Cáriton de Afrodísias e em Dáfnis e Cloé de Longo. Em seguida, intenta demonstrar de que modo Platão, ao exercer uma clara influência na literatura posterior, deixou atrás de si não somente o já reconhecido legado filosófico, mas contribuiu substancialmente para o desenvolvimento da atividade literária, efetuando uma síntese complexa entre filosofia e literatura, ao mesmo tempo em que nos leva a questionar a suposta rigidez inflexível que as distinguem. (shrink)

Education is one of the fundamental pillars for the development of societies, enabling people to acquire a critical perspective on reality and contribute to solving complex problems. In this context, environmental education (EE) aims to raise awareness about the historically developed relationships between humans and the environment through the construction of knowledge, values, and attitudes, striving for the creation of socially fairer and more ecologically balanced realities. EE can occur in non-formal spaces, beyond the school environment, enriching practices in the (...) teaching-learning process. In this context, this study carried out a systematic review of scientific articles published between 2012 and 2024 on EE in non-formal spaces in the state of São Paulo. Among the 232 articles found, seven met the predefined inclusion criteria and had their content analyzed regarding their predominant political-pedagogical macro-trend in EE. Of these, five articles predominantly follow a Conservationist approach, while two align with the Critical macro-trend in EE. Additionally, two articles exhibit evident contradictions in their pedagogical praxis. This study, in addition to identifying the scarcity of articles that deal with EE in non-formal spaces, indicated predominance of the Conservationist macro-trend in environmental education actions carried out in São Paulo. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é defender uma leitura “inclusiva” da Scala Amoris (210a-212b) presente no Banquete de Platão, na qual o amante, em sua ascensão, incorpora um número cada vez maior de objetos belos em sua esfera de preocupação erótica. Neste sentido, posiciono-me de forma contrária à leitura “exclusiva”, na qual tal ascensão implicaria o abandono do que fora anteriormente desejado.

BackgroundCurrently, most people who might need mental health care services do not receive them due to a number of reasons. Many of these reasons can be overcome by telepsychology, in other words, the use of ICT technologies for therapy ; given that it facilitates access to specialized interventions. In fact, telepsychology is currently offered as an active service in many psychotherapy centers. However, its usage, how it is perceived, and who uses it are still largely unknown.ObjectiveThe aim of this study (...) was to determine if any pattern exists in the usage of telepsychology and face-to-face psychology, to clarify people’s perception of telepsychology in terms of the advantages, barriers and efficacy of online psychotherapy, and to examine usage patterns in terms of individual characteristics and identify patients’ profiles.MethodsAn online survey was conducted on a convenience sample of 514 subjects recluted by using an online advertisement. The inclusion criteria were: to be older than 18 years old and to answer completely the questionnaire. Cluster analysis, ANOVAs, and discriminant analysis were performed to test our research objectives.ResultsThree usage clusters were found: face-to-face psychotherapy ; non-therapy ; and combined face-to-face psychotherapy and telepsychology. In addition, the perception of telepsychology varied among usage clusters, but a common perception emerged about the main telepsychology advantages, barriers and efficacy. Finally, the results showed that personal characteristics differentiated people in each of these clusters.ConclusionThe most common form of access to psychotherapy is the face-to-face form but the second way of delivery was a combination between face to face and online psychotherapy. People who combine face to face with online psychotherapy perceives this last as more efficient and with less barriers to access. Finally, some characteristic as eHealth experience and sociodemographic variables can help to identify people that will attend telepsychology initiatives. These clusters provide insight into opportunities for face-to-face and online patient engagement strategies. (shrink)

En esta presentación nos interesa el problema que plantea Hannah Arendt en el Prefacio de Hombres en tiempos de oscuridad: la relación entre la luz y la oscuridad del ámbito político y los efectos perniciosos de lo que la autora refiere como “lagunas de credibilidad” (credibility gaps), expresión esta última sobre la estableceremos las reflexiones sobre nuestro presente. En este sentido exponemos una reflexión sobre la luz y la oscuridad del ámbito público alrededor de lo que puede considerarse una constante (...) en nuestros países: la extensión de la mentira en política, la distorsión de algunos hechos, la falsedad de la información como moneda corriente, toda esa serie de circunstancias que producen un ensombrecimiento de lo público, en términos arendtianos una brecha, un foso de credibilidad. (shrink)

RESUMO Segundo Mikhail Bakhtin, a 'palavra monológica' não é realizada no diálogo; dela se depreende a 'palavra autoritária' que, como seu próprio nome indica, provém da autoridade, legal ou eclesiástica, do professor ou dos pais. Sua característica, como se escuta no discurso religioso, é a de não permitir a discussão; pede ser reconhecida e assimilada por nós. Entretanto, é possível que tal palavra, ainda que 'de outrem', seja convincente, incorporando-se ao nosso discurso com plena consciência; sendo assim, pode inclusive ser (...) considerada 'palavra dialógica'. Para explicá-la melhor, a 'palavra autoritária' será vinculada a enunciados dogmáticos próprios das religiões, como o judaísmo e o islã, e, sobretudo, do cristianismo católico.ABSTRACT According to Mihail Bakhtin, a 'monologic word' is not realized in dialogue; related to it, an 'authoritative word,' as its name implies, comes from authority, be it legal or ecclesiastical, from teachers or parents. As in religious discourse, it does not allow discussion; it asks to be recognized and assimilated. However, it may be that this word, coming from the 'discourse of the other,' is convincing, being incorporated into our discourse in full consciousness. Being so, it can even be considered a 'dialogical word.' To better explain it, the 'authoritative word' will be connected to dogmatic utterances of religions, such as Judaism or Islam, and especially the Catholic Christianity.RESUMEN Según Mijaíl Bajtín, la 'palabra monológica' es una que no está en diálogo; a ella se vincula la 'palabra autoritaria' que, como su nombre lo indica, proviene de la autoridad, sea legal o eclesial, del maestro, de los padres. Su característica, como se escucha en el discurso religioso, es que no permite la discusión; pide ser reconocida y asimilada por nosotros. Sin embargo, puede ser que dicha palabra, aunque sea 'ajena', resulte convincente y se incorpore a nuestro discurso con plena conciencia; siendo así, puede, incluso, ser considerada 'palabra dialógica'. Para explicarla mejor, la 'palabra autoritaria' será analizada con algunos enunciados dogmáticos, propios de las religiones, como el judaísmo o el islam y, sobre todo, del cristianismo católico. (shrink)

Nos Fragmentos sobre a História da Filosofia, Schopenhauer afirma que a tese de Gottfried W. Leibniz, segundo a qual matéria e espírito compartilham um mesmo princípio, pode ser vista como um "pressentimento" de sua própria metafísica. O ponto de convergência entre essas duas filosofias residiria na noção de forma substancial, que sugere que o funcionamento da matéria não se limita às leis mecânicas ou químicas, mas deve ser compreendido à luz da metafísica. Neste artigo, proponho explorar os sentidos da afirmação (...) de Schopenhauer, analisando os conceitos leibnizianos de forma substancial, força, harmonia preestabelecida, expressão e mônada. A intenção é evidenciar possíveis paralelos entre esses conceitos e a metafísica da natureza de Schopenhauer, que entende o mundo material como a objetivação da Vontade. Sugiro que o conceito leibniziano de força, central para compreender a forma substancial, abre espaço para um diálogo com a metafísica schopenhaueriana porque aponta para uma atividade metafísica primordial que, embora se exprima na ordem física e possa ser matematizada pelas ciências, não é de natureza física. De maneira análoga, em Schopenhauer, o mundo material é compreendido à luz da metafísica da Vontade e a matéria é o palco que torna perceptível os seus diferentes graus de objetivação. (shrink)

Nosso trabalho tem como objetivo fundamentar a hipótese de que o problema do estatuto ontológico dos corpos, em particular a questão da substância composta, não foi apenas um problema decorrente da metafísica de Leibniz, mas também pode estar relacionado a debates teológicos e políticos nos quais o filósofo esteve envolvido. Para isso, nossa análise se concentra em dois diálogos específicos: a correspondência com padre Des Bosses e a negociação de reunificação entre as igrejas católica e protestante da Europa. A ideia (...) é indicar que o conceito de _ vínculo substancial _, desenvolvido por Leibniz nas cartas a Des Bosses em resposta ao problema do corpo e da Eucaristia, não expressa apenas a tentativa de resolver um entrave lógico decorrente da doutrina das mônadas, pois a elaboração do conceito faria parte, também, de um esforço de explicar racionalmente um mistério religioso que era fundamental no cisma entre cristãos. Para nós, essa abordagem pode ampliar a compreensão e o alcance do pensamento de Leibniz, já que propõe dar visibilidade a um tema e um conceito que tradicionalmente não são classificados como “filosóficos”. (shrink)

Este trabalho, pautado na interface Educação e Psicanálise, em interlocução com autores contemporâneos das Ciências Humanas que discutem os efeitos do neoliberalismo no campo da Educação, tem por objetivo discutir teoricamente sobre o mal-estar na universidade, mais especificamente no que diz respeito ao sofrimento psíquico de docentes de universidades públicas brasileiras. As demandas desses professores, nos âmbitos do ensino, da pesquisa, da extensão e da gestão, a partir de uma lógica neoliberal, estão sob a égide do produtivismo acadêmico. Para a (...) psicanálise, não há realidade pré-discursiva, ou seja, a realidade é marcada pelo discurso de determinada época. Dito de outra forma, os sujeitos têm suas subjetividades impactadas pela organização social do momento histórico em que estão inseridos. A partir da teorização lacaniana dos quatro discursos e de um enfoque interseccional, sobretudo no que concerne à discussão dos marcadores de gênero e raça, conclui-se que a lógica neoliberal se presentifica nas demandas institucionais inesgotáveis que se articulam e colocam em funcionamento discursos de dominação que objetificam discentes e docentes. (shrink)

Intentaré ofrecer alguna pista con relación a la cuestión de cuál es el alcance, significado y evolución de la figura del νομοθέτης en el Crátilo. Su papel le sirve a Platón instrumentalmente para refutar, siquiera parcialmente, por una parte, el convencionalismo de Hermógenes, mediante el sutil desplazamiento desde la figura de “quien establece el uso de las palabras” (arbitrariamente) a la figura de un experto artesano que debe conocer la naturaleza de las cosas para operar correctamente. Por la otra, también (...) le sirve para refutar el naturalismo de Crátilo, porque los forjadores de los nombres primitivos han errado al suponer una realidad exclusivamente en movimiento, y al ignorar que el lenguaje, siendo imitativo, implica la posibilidad del error. El análisis etimológico sirve para exponer cómo la mayoría de ellos han fallado, por lo que el lenguaje no es el camino para el conocimiento de la realidad, sino, a la inversa: el dialéctico, quien conoce lo que las cosas son, es el que está en condiciones de controlar que los nombres sean forjados y establecidos correctamente. Así resulta que los malos artesanos quedan descartados y el bueno, que conoce la Forma Nombre, se ha convertido al platonismo. (shrink)

O artigo tem por objetivo discutir como o Carrefour Brasil busca construir novos significados sobre quem é a marca e renovar as impressões que causa no seu público consumidor, após o envolvimento do varejista no assassinato de João Alberto Freitas, em novembro de 2020. Realizamos uma análise dos comentários que receberam os vídeos de duas campanhas publicitárias da parceria da rede de supermercados com influenciador Phellyx, homem negro e gay, realizadas entre março e abril de 2024. Discorremos sobre a noção (...) de diversitywashing, no que diz respeito ao reposicionamento da marca, que passa a atrelar seus conteúdos a pessoas negras e membros da comunidade LGBTQIA+ com maior frequência. Apontamos para um posicionamento mais crítico do público na segunda campanha, ainda que os vídeos tenham tido recepção positiva de modo mais amplo. (shrink)